May 16, · cause and effect of poverty essay poverty inequality definition; The effect of poverty on American youths has been controversial and this has triggered a great debate across not only the poverty reduction proponents and opponents but also society. Although, other estimations of poverty in the US range from 10 percent to 21 percent, depending on Essays on Cause And Effect Of Poverty. Poverty in America is Social Issue. Words • Pages • 4. Poverty has been a ongoing, social issue that throughout the years has changed its meaning. Poverty is defined lacking basic necessities such as water, food, shelter, wealth, etc. About fifty years ago, war was declared on poverty by President Johnson hoping that it would Cause And Effect Essay On Poverty. Words 7 Pages. Show More. What is poverty? For those who do not know what it is, the Merriam- Webster dictionary defines it as “the state of one who lacks a usual or socially acceptable amount of money or material possessions” ("Poverty"). To make it even easier it is basically the state of being
Causes and Effects of Poverty
Poverty can be described in a number of ways. For example, the disparities in income and wealth are considered as a sign of poverty since the state is related to issues of scarcity and allocation of resources and influence, cause and effect essay on poverty.
Although poverty is most prominent among developing countries, studies indicate that the condition is also noticeable among the developed countries, cause and effect essay on poverty. Poverty affects the social, economic and political welfare of the society in many ways.
This paper will therefore discuss the cause and effect of poverty with regards to the impact of poverty on: health; educational attainment; and migration patterns. For majority of individuals, cause and effect essay on poverty, the harmful effects of economic poverty on health are worsened by disparity associated with racial, sex, disability, HIV infection and other aspects related with social status. Therefore, efforts that aim entirely on economic poverty may have restricted efficiency for supporting health.
Internationally, poor health also can result to perpetual poverty. Since the health sector has limited influence over other factors that affect the health conditions such as housing, education, environmental hazards and food supply, it encounters the realistic challenge of ascertaining how to coordinate with other sectors to break the vicious cycle of poverty- illness-poverty.
Poverty in childhood wields its effect all through the life course and is easily passed on to consequent generations. This transmission takes place via maternal health before and all through pregnancy. A Lower birth weight of a pregnant woman, influenced by the social and economic condition of her family, has a direct impact on the weight of the baby after birth.
Maternal height is among the major factors that determine the weight of an infant after birth. Other than the influences of genetics on cause and effect essay on poverty weight, poverty and low social and economic conditions of the immediate family of the mother have a strong effect via early childhood diet. A number of studies have shown that the height of an expectant woman is directly related with the social status of her family. For example, South Asian women residing in UK are shorter than European women.
Poverty and low social and economic status are related with poor mental health among women and mental stress and ill health have been identified as outcomes of poverty among these women. Women from poor background have less weight during pregnancy. They also suffer from genital diseases, have inferior micronutrient and are likely to smoke heavily.
With respect to social disadvantage and mental health of children and youth, there is a marked similarity between emotional problems and poverty. The prevalence of certain conditions such as bed wetting and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ADHD is quite elevated among poor children, cause and effect essay on poverty. Also, the study found that there was a high prevalence of suicide among youth from poor backgrounds.
In addition, child care, a key factor in mental health of a child, cause and effect essay on poverty, is highly affected by low socio-economic status and explicit aspects such as dejection and debt are rife among poor parents. Social risk aspects tend to clump together. The effect of clumping of social risk aspects on smoking and feeding patterns is shown through a study involving a sample of smoking families in the West Midlands who had infants aged below three months.
The effects of smoking during pregnancy were analysed by Maritz and Harding. The study found that the cigarette consumption and infant exposure to cigarette smoke these households increased steadily as their income levels dropped. These findings are consistent with cause and effect essay on poverty conventional knowledge that youth from poor families tend to be heavy smokers than those from well-off families. In addition, drug abuse and consumption of alcohol is higher among youth from poor families than their rich counterparts.
At the same time, Wojcicki focused on the condition of a woman before and during the pregnancy and the influence of depression on an infant because poverty can make a woman depressed. The level of education attained by a mother is identified as a key marker of child health in both high and low income countries. Access to education is determined by income of the household in most countries Sachs 3. The educational attainment of children from poor families is much lower and studies indicate that cause and effect essay on poverty levels of educational attainment are evident when a child is seven years old.
According to Adrienne Ingrum, there is a direct relationship between low socio-economic status and educational attainment among high school students Children of parents with inferior educational attainment are likely to drop out of school. This is because parent with low levels of education do not appreciate the value of education and tend to relay this perception to their children, hence boosting their likelihood of abandoning high school education Ingrum Thus, according to Ingrum, a low social-economic status SES may increase the prospect of a child dropping out of high School.
Coleman and DeLeire conducted a study in to ascertain the relationship between locus of control and educational attainment of youth, cause and effect essay on poverty.
They established that children who had external locus of control do not value high school education and are thus likely to drop out of school more regularly than those with an internal locus of control Coleman and DeLeire The outcome of their study support the Human Capital Theory which states that the probability of a student with an external locus of control dropping out of school is higher since they underrate their income potential and thus resolve that the value of lost wages outweighs the benefits acquired by investing in a high school education Ingrum According to Coleman and DeLeire, students from poor backgrounds are more likely to experience an external locus of control which makes them to place a low value on educational attainment Evidently, the Human Capital Theory stresses on the value of investing in human capital, for example education, for economic gains.
Thus economic gains could be defined as completion of high school education, attained via investment in human capital. Give that high school education takes place during youth, most of the human capital investments that would result in educational attainment need to be relayed from parents to young people.
Thus, the socio-economic status of a family greatly affects accumulation of human capital among high school students. Poor families not only have fewer human capital resources but also transmit less of it to their children Ingrum This implies that the effect of poverty cause and effect essay on poverty families with low Cause and effect essay on poverty is that it reduces the prospects of attaining high school education among these students.
Economic theories postulate that migration patterns are a result of rational choice. For instance, in the Harris-Torado model, migration of labour is structured within the framework of inequality of wages among different sectors. Labour migration choices are made by rational individuals who look for work that promise higher wage rate in urban areas. Migration takes place when the financial gains with respect to wages at urban centres outweigh financial costs of migration and opportunity cost of rural work.
Migration is thus seen as a selective process where skilled and better educated individuals move to urban centres in search of better jobs. Since many poor families have limited financial resources, the cost of migration can limit the number of accessible destination choices, and thus the expected gains which might dampen migration.
There are several economic theories that attempt to explain the unrelenting poverty in the society. For instance, the critical threshold theory postulates that an optimal level in human capital must be realized so that the conventional competitive theory can be applicable in an economic system.
Both the cause and effect essay on poverty and individual must also attain this critical threshold, which varies according to the environment in which the person lives.
However, he can break out poverty if he shifts to a country that has a large skilled population Bowles et al. The Dysfunctional institutions theory suggests that poverty is caused by socio-economic institutions that result in skewed distribution of power and wealth in the society. Thus a society that fails to develop effective political and social institutions is likely to experience low incomes and low investments which are common ingredients of poverty Bowles et al.
A study of migration at the meso-level emphasizes migration to be a result of poverty in the community. Given that individuals are worried about their economic status, families that are poor in relation to their society move elsewhere to boost their economic status. Evidence also abounds of a non-linear association between poverty and migration which shows that poor families are not able to meet migration expenses.
Bowles, Samuel, Steven N. Durlauf, Karla Ruth Hoff, and Russell Sage Foundation. Poverty Traps. New York: Russell Sage Foundation. Coleman, Margo, and DeLeire Thomas. Ingrum, Adrienne. John, Nitin Ashok, and Ahmed Tigani. Maritz, Gert S. Sachs, Jeffrey. The End of Poverty: Economic Possibilities for Our Time. New York: Penguin Press. Waddington, Hugh, and Rachel Sabates-Wheeler.
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Cause and Effect of Poverty. We use cookies to give you the best experience possible. If you continue, we will assume that you agree to our Cookies Policy. Table of Contents. Effects of poverty on health Effects of poverty on educational attainment Effects of poverty on migration patterns Works Cited.
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The effects of poverty The effects of poverty are serious. Children who grow up in poverty suffer more persistent, frequent, and severe health problems than do children who grow up under better financial circumstances. Many infants born into poverty have a low birth weight, which is associated with many preventable mental and physical disabilities Dec 07, · This paper will therefore discuss the cause and effect of poverty with regards to the impact of poverty on: health; educational attainment; and migration patterns. Effects of poverty on health For majority of individuals, the harmful effects of economic poverty on health are worsened by disparity associated with racial, sex, disability, HIV Sep 28, · Poverty effects many aspects of a person’s life. It causes a lot of things to happen like hunger, and homelessness. This issue is so big that even the government steps in to help when someone is below the poverty line. The poverty line is a set salary that a person must make below that amount to get government assistance such as food stamps, or subsidized school Estimated Reading Time: 2 mins
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