Benjamin Franklin FRS FRSA FRSE (January 17, [O.S. January 6, ] – April 17, ) was an American polymath active as a writer, scientist, inventor, statesman, diplomat, printer, publisher and political philosopher. Among the leading intellectuals of his time, Franklin was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States and the first United States Postmaster General Aug 12, · Move-In looks a little different this year, and we know there are mixed emotions right now. We want to extend a warm W&M welcome to our new students moving in this week, and can’t wait to kick off a new semester with all of our students - both near and far - next week Aug 12, · Move-In looks a little different this year, and we know there are mixed emotions right now. We want to extend a warm W&M welcome to our new students moving in this week, and can’t wait to kick off a new semester with all of our students - both near and far - next week
Benjamin Franklin - Wikipedia
Benjamin Franklin FRS FRSA FRSE January 17, [ O, write my essay for mecom auto. January 6, ] [Note 1] — April 17, was an American polymath active as a writer, scientist, inventor, statesman, diplomat, write my essay for mecom auto, printerpublisher and political philosopher. As a scientist, he was a major figure in the American Enlightenment and the history of physics for his discoveries and theories regarding electricity. As an inventor, he is known for the lightning rodbifocalsand the Franklin stoveamong other inventions.
Franklin earned write my essay for mecom auto title of "The First American" for his early and indefatigable campaigning for colonial unityinitially as an author and spokesman in London for several colonies. As the first United States Ambassador to Francewrite my essay for mecom auto exemplified the emerging American nation.
In the words of historian Henry Steele Commager"In Franklin could be merged the virtues of Puritanism without its defects, the illumination of the Enlightenment without its heat. Franklin became a successful newspaper editor and printer in Philadelphia, the leading city in the colonies, publishing the Pennsylvania Gazette at the age of He pioneered and was the first president of Academy and College of Philadelphia which opened in and later became the University of Pennsylvania.
He organized and was the first secretary of the American Philosophical Society and was elected president in Franklin became a national hero in America as an agent for several colonies when he spearheaded an effort in London to have the Parliament of Great Britain repeal the unpopular Stamp Act. An accomplished diplomat, he was widely admired among the French as American minister to Paris and was a major figure in the development of positive Franco—American relations.
His efforts proved vital for the American Revolution in securing shipments of crucial munitions from France. He was promoted to deputy postmaster-general for the British colonies on August 10,[11] having been Philadelphia write my essay for mecom auto for many years, and this enabled him to set up the first national communications network. During the revolutionhe became the first United States postmaster general.
He was active in community affairs and colonial and state politics, as well as national and international affairs. From tohe served as governor of Pennsylvania, write my essay for mecom auto.
He initially owned and dealt in slaves but, by the late s, he began arguing against slaverybecame an abolitionistand promoted education and the integration of blacks into U. Benjamin Franklin's father, Josiah Franklinwas a tallow chandlersoaperand candlemaker. Josiah Franklin was born at Ecton, NorthamptonshireEngland on December 23,the son of blacksmith and farmer Thomas Franklin and Jane White. Benjamin's father and all four of his grandparents were born in England.
Josiah Franklin had a total of seventeen children with his two wives. He married his first wife, Anne Child, in about in Ecton and emigrated with her to Boston in ; they had three children before emigration, and four after. Following her death, Josiah was married to Abiah Folger on July 9,in the Old South Meeting House by Reverend Samuel Willardand would eventually have ten children with her. Benjamin, their eighth child, was Josiah Franklin's fifteenth child overall, and his tenth and final son.
Benjamin Franklin's mother, Abiah, was born in NantucketMassachusetts Bay Colonyon August 15,to Peter Folgera miller and schoolteacher, and his wife, Mary Morrell Folgera former indentured servant. Mary Folger came from a Puritan family that was among the first Pilgrims to flee to Massachusetts for religious freedomsailing for Boston in write my essay for mecom auto King Charles I of England had begun persecuting Puritans.
Her father Peter was "the sort of rebel destined to transform colonial America. Benjamin Franklin followed in his grandfather's footsteps in his battles against the wealthy Penn family that owned the Pennsylvania Colony. Benjamin Franklin was born on Milk Streetin BostonMassachusettson January 17,[Note 1] and baptized at Old South Meeting House.
As a child growing up along the Charles River, Franklin recalled that he was "generally the leader among the boys. Josiah wanted Ben to attend school with the clergy but only had enough money to send him to school for two years. He attended Boston Latin School but did not graduate; he continued his education through voracious reading. Although "his parents talked of the church as a career" [18] for Franklin, his schooling ended when he was ten.
He worked for his father for a time, and at 12 he became an apprentice to his brother James, a printer, who taught Ben the printing trade. When Ben was 15, James founded The New-England Courantwhich was the first truly independent newspaper in the colonies. When denied the chance to write a letter to the paper for publication, Franklin adopted the pseudonym of " Write my essay for mecom auto Dogood ", a middle-aged widow.
Dogood's letters were published and became a subject of conversation around town. Neither James nor the Courant 's readers were aware of the ruse, and James was unhappy with Ben when he discovered the popular correspondent was his younger brother. Franklin was an advocate of free speech from an early age. When his brother was jailed for three weeks in for publishing material unflattering to the governor, young Franklin took over the newspaper and had Mrs.
Dogood quoting Cato's Letters proclaim: "Without freedom of thought there can be no such thing as wisdom and no such thing as public liberty without freedom of speech. At age 17, Franklin ran away to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, seeking a new start in a new city.
When he first arrived, he worked in several printer shops around town, write my essay for mecom auto, but he was not satisfied by the immediate prospects. After a few months, while working in a printing house, Franklin was convinced by Pennsylvania governor Sir William Keith to go to London, ostensibly to acquire the equipment necessary for establishing another newspaper in Philadelphia. Finding Keith's promises of backing a newspaper empty, Franklin worked as a typesetter in a printer's shop in what is now the Church of St Bartholomew-the-Great in the Smithfield area of London.
Following this, he returned to Philadelphia in with the help of Thomas Denham, a merchant who employed Franklin as clerk, shopkeeper, and bookkeeper in his business. InBenjamin Franklin, then 21, formed the Juntoa group of "like minded aspiring artisans and tradesmen who hoped to improve themselves while they improved their community.
Reading was a great pastime of the Junto, but books were rare and expensive. The members created a library initially assembled from their own books after Franklin wrote:. A proposition was made by me that since our books were often referr'd to in our disquisitions upon the inquiries, it might be convenient for us to have them altogether where we met, that upon occasion they might be consulted; and by thus clubbing our books to a common library, we should, while we lik'd to keep them together, have each of us the advantage of using the books of all the other members, which would be nearly as beneficial as if each owned the whole.
This did not suffice, however. Franklin conceived the idea of a subscription librarywhich would pool the funds of the members to buy books for all to read. This was the birth of the Library Company of Philadelphia : its charter was composed by Franklin in InFranklin hired the first American librarian, Louis Timothee. The Library Company is now a great scholarly and research library. Upon Denham's death, Franklin returned to his former trade. InFranklin had set up a printing house in partnership with Hugh Meredith ; the following year he became the publisher of a newspaper called The Pennsylvania Gazette.
The Gazette gave Franklin a forum for agitation about a variety of local reforms and initiatives through printed essays and observations. Over time, his commentary, and his adroit cultivation of a positive image as an industrious and intellectual young man, write my essay for mecom auto, earned him a great deal of social respect. But even after Franklin had achieved fame as a scientist and statesman, he habitually signed his letters with the unpretentious 'B.
Franklin, Printer. InBen Franklin published the first German-language write my essay for mecom auto in America — Die Philadelphische Zeitung — although it failed after only one year because four other newly founded German papers quickly dominated the newspaper market.
Franklin often visited Bethlehem, Pennsylvaniastaying at the Moravian Sun Inn, write my essay for mecom auto. Although Franklin apparently reconsidered shortly thereafter, and the phrases were omitted from all later printings of the pamphlet, his views may have played a role in his political defeat in According to Ralph Frasca, Franklin promoted the printing press as a device to instruct colonial Americans in moral virtue.
Frasca argues he saw this as a service to God, because he understood moral virtue in terms of actions, thus, doing good write my essay for mecom auto a service to God.
Despite his own moral lapses, Franklin saw himself as uniquely qualified to instruct Americans in morality. He tried to influence American moral life through the construction of a printing network based on a chain of partnerships from the Carolinas to New England.
Franklin thereby invented the first newspaper chain. It was more than a business venture, for like many publishers since he believed that the press had a public-service duty. When Franklin established himself in Philadelphia, shortly beforethe town boasted two "wretched little" news sheets, Andrew Bradford 's The American Weekly Mercuryand Samuel Keimer 's Universal Instructor in all Arts and Sciences, and Pennsylvania Gazette.
Franklin quickly did away with all this when he took over the Instructor and made it The Pennsylvania Gazette. The Gazette soon became Franklin's characteristic organ, which he freely used for satire, for the play of his wit, even for sheer excess of mischief or of fun.
From the first, he had a way of adapting his models to his own uses. The series of essays called " The Busy-Body ", which he wrote for Bradford's American Mercury infollowed the general Addisonian form, already modified to suit homelier conditions. The thrifty Patience, in her busy little shop, complaining of the useless visitors who waste her valuable time, is related to the women who address Mr.
The Busy-Body himself is a true Censor Morum, as Isaac Bickerstaff had been in the Tatler. And a number of the fictitious characters, Ridentius, Eugenius, Cato, and Cretico, represent traditional 18th-century classicism. Even this Franklin could use for contemporary satire, since Cretico, the "sowre Philosopher", is evidently a portrait of Franklin's rival, Samuel Keimer. Franklin had mixed success in his plan to establish an inter-colonial network of newspapers that would produce a profit for him and disseminate virtue.
Over the years he sponsored two dozen write my essay for mecom auto in Pennsylvania, South Carolina, New York, Connecticut and even the Caribbean. Byeight of the 15 English language newspapers in the colonies were published by Franklin or his partners.
After Franklin's second editor died, the widow Elizabeth Timothy took over and made it a success, — She was one of the colonial era's first woman printers. Editor Peter Timothy avoided blandness and crude bias, and after increasingly took a patriotic stand in the growing crisis with Great Britain.
In orFranklin was initiated into the local Masonic write my essay for mecom auto. He became a grand master inindicating his rapid rise to prominence in Pennsylvania. He was the secretary of St. John's Lodge in Philadelphia from to At age 17 inFranklin proposed to year-old Deborah Read while a boarder in the Read home. Her own husband had recently died, and she declined Franklin's request to marry her daughter, write my essay for mecom auto.
While Franklin was in London, his trip was extended, and there were problems with Sir William's promises of support. Perhaps because of the circumstances of this delay, Deborah married a man named John Rodgers. This proved to be a regrettable decision. Rodgers shortly avoided his debts and prosecution by fleeing to Barbados with her dowryleaving her behind. Rodgers's fate was unknown, and because of bigamy laws, Deborah was not free to remarry.
Franklin established write my essay for mecom auto common-law marriage with Deborah Read on September 1, They took in Franklin's recently acknowledged young illegitimate son, Williamand raised him in their household.
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Aug 12, · Move-In looks a little different this year, and we know there are mixed emotions right now. We want to extend a warm W&M welcome to our new students moving in this week, and can’t wait to kick off a new semester with all of our students - both near and far - next week Benjamin Franklin FRS FRSA FRSE (January 17, [O.S. January 6, ] – April 17, ) was an American polymath active as a writer, scientist, inventor, statesman, diplomat, printer, publisher and political philosopher. Among the leading intellectuals of his time, Franklin was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States and the first United States Postmaster General Benjamin Franklin FRS FRSA FRSE (January 17, [O.S. January 6, ] – April 17, ) was an American polymath active as a writer, scientist, inventor, statesman, diplomat, printer, publisher and political philosopher. Among the leading intellectuals of his time, Franklin was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States and the first United States Postmaster General
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